Friday Fish Time

Common name: Swordfish. Scientific name: Xiphias gladius. Family: Xiphiidae.

(Sorry this is late – it put up a good fight and took a few days to land)

Swordfish: This is a cool fish. Check this out -  swordfish have special organs next to their eyes to heat their eyes and brain. Temperatures of 10 to 15C above the surrounding water temperature have been measured.

The heating of the eyes gives them better vision and so improves their ability to catch prey. Only 22 of the more than 25,000 fish species can do this. Marlin, tuna and some sharks can also do it.

The swordfish is named after its bill resembling a sword (Latin gladius) but is also known broadbill in some countries.

They are large, highly migratory and a good predator fish.

Swordfish are elongated, round-bodied, and lose all teeth and scales by adulthood. Found widely in tropical and temperate parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and can typically be found from near the surface to a depth of 550m. They commonly reach 3m in length, and the maximum reported is 4.55m and 650kg in weight.


Planet Under Pressure gets underway

The Planet Under Pressure conference is kicking off in London.

CSIRO’s Mark Stafford-Smith is on the organising committee and other CSIRO scientists including Andrew Ash, Mark Lonsdale and others will be speaking.

There are a host of international speakers and scientists attending and you can find the list HERE.

According to the blurb for the conference, PUP is designed to “be a major opportunity to link global-change science in a two-way engagement with the wide range of other stakeholders working towards global sustainability”.

There has been a blog set up (not as witty and insightful as this one) and there will also be web streaming.

Simon Torok from CSIRO is over there and will be sending back some blogs during the event.


Friday Fish Time

Common name: Pikey Bream. Scientific name: Acanthopagrus berda. Family: Sparidae

Pikey Bream: Sometimes known as the Black Bream and often misidentified as the Yellowfin Bream or the Silver Javelin (I like that name!), this little number lives on the bottom down to depths of about 50m. It is found north from Rockhampton in QLD.

They are grey, dark silver-grey, or dull olive-brown body with silvery/brassy reflections. The upper part of body and base of scales darkest.

Can reach 50cm but if you find one on the end of your line they must be over 25 cm.

They are a cracker to eat.


Bermagui under envionmental ‘blitz’

A bunch (what is the collective noun?) of scientists and locals from Bermagui on the NSW south coast are going to “blitz” the area next weekend (March 30/31) to try and find out just what makes up their local environment.

Called the Bermagui Bioblitz, the explorers will comb the foreshore, sand dunes, forest, estuary and mangroves to discover which species are present, and make detailed descriptions of what they find. They will use cameras, smartphones and laptops to photograph and record their findings.

The data and photos will then be uploaded to the Atlas of Living Australia, where it is freely accessible to everyone. The ALA is a partnership between the CSIRO and a number of organisations, that provides a national database of Australia’s biodiversity.

The Atlas is a versatile tool that is valuable to both scientists and ‘citizen scientists’. Citizen scientists will love the ability use the Atlas to explore the flora and fauna already discovered in their neighbourhood, and to be able to add their observations to the database.

Scientists can use the Atlas to find detailed information, records and images about Australia’s flora and fauna, and to view the recorded information spatially.

A great way to access all this information is on a smartphone via the mobile website. If the smartphone has a built-in GPS, the Atlas can use it to find wildlife around your current location.

For up to date information you can follow ALA on twitter, read their blog, or if you are a budding ‘citizen scientist’ keen to get involved, you can set up an account and start contributing.


Gerry talks about his fantasic plastic work


Korean connection makes an 8000-km telescope

Australian and Korean radio telescopes have been linked together for the first time, forming a system acting as a gigantic telescope more than 8000 kilometres across and with 100 times the resolving power of the Hubble Space Telescope.

“This is another step in Australia’s ongoing collaboration with Asia in the field of radio astronomy,” said CSIRO’s Astronomy and Space Science Chief, Dr Philip Diamond.

Australia has been making similar linkups with Japan and China for many years, and now is also doing initial tests with telescopes in India.

More HERE


Growing atmospheric nitrous oxide levels explained

Australian, Korean and USA scientists have produced a 65-year record of nitrous oxide changes in the Southern Hemisphere to better predict the future for this long-lived greenhouse gas which is increasing with expanding fertiliser use.

Published this week in the journal Nature Geoscience, the record is drawn from atmospheric sampling at the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, Tasmania, and air extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet.

Its significance, says co-author CSIRO’s Dr David Etheridge, will be its contribution to the development of emissions protocols as countries step up their monitoring of gases contributing to global warming and ozone depletion.

Nitrous oxide, N2O, is produced naturally by microbial activity in soils and the oceans as well as by agriculture. With a lifetime in the atmosphere of around 120 years, it is eventually broken down by oxidation in the stratosphere.

Scientists have measured a 20 per cent increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1750.

Full News Release HERE

MEDIA: Craig Macaulay Ph: 03 62325219 Mb: 0419 966 465 E: Craig.Macaulay@csiro.au


Friday Fish Time

Common name: Northern Pacific Seastar. Scientific name: Asterias amurensis. Class: Asteroidea

Northern Pacific Seastar: I know, I know, some you are reeling in indignation… while the rest of you are looking at this marvelous specimen, exclaiming in joy ‘ooh, pretty colours!’

For, it is true, this is not a fish. For a fish is a ‘limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins and living wholly in water’ and a starfish is a ‘marine echinoderm with five or more radiating arm’.

We wanted to take this opportunity to educate you all on this distinction. So there.

This pretty specimen lives up to five years and can reach sizes up to 40 to 50 cm in diameter. Interestingly, it is native to the coasts of northern China, Korea, Russia and Japan and is an invasive species in Australia. Rumour has it that it was accidentally introduced to our shores in the 1980s.

Really, how does a STARFISH get accidentally introduced to a country? Perhaps a Chinese fisherman got a little lost and happened to drop his beloved pet overboard near Tassie?

My theory is that they’re actually highly intelligent alien beings from the planet Starileous, here to spy on us.

Watch your back.


Pi Day – eat pies and enjoy the eternal beauty of maths

Pi - the numberYou’re eating a pie, aren’t you? In celebration of Pi Day, and all.

Indeed, today is Pi Day – 3.14 if you write the date that way. It’s a day to celebrate the mathematical constant that is 3.1415926… I could go on. I mean really go on. Because Pi has no end.

In fact, on Pi Day 2004, a guy named Daniel Tammet recited Pi to 22,514 decimal places. So much for thinking we’d struck upon genius a few years ago at CSIRO when one of our Newcastle scientists managed to get to 241 decimal places before slipping up. She was eating a pie at the time, so we blamed it.

You’ve probably got fond memories of Pi and the efforts you went to trying to remember equations like  πr2 and 2πr for your maths exams. Stupid circles, you uttered. Well, today’s the day to replace those haunted memories with celebration.

According to Wikipedia, there are many ways to celebrate Pi Day: “Some of them include eating pie and discussing the relevance of π.” Sounds like a hoot.

So, in the interest of celebration, let me begin my steak and kidney delight (with a generous squirt of tomato sauce) and tell you what I found out when I tried to ‘discuss the relevance of Pi’ with a few of my colleagues from CSIRO’s Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics gang:

“What would we do without Pi? Probably spend most of our time going in circles, because we wouldn’t know when they finish.”

“I still remember the feeling that came over me when my lecturer proved that Pi equalled Pi. It was quite profound.”

“I don’t celebrate Pi Day on 3.14 – I celebrate Pi day on 22/7. The date’s in the right order for Australia, and it’s also a slightly better mathematical approximation of Pi. On 22/7, I team up with a local Canberra maths guy to give a presentation on the wonders of Pi. We usually do it down at the pub, so we can enjoy pies and pints afterwards.”

“If mathematics is the music with which the symphony of the universe is written, then the eternity of Pi is the measure of its beauty.”

Poetic. A pie to each of them. It’ll certainly be an energy (albeit calorie-laden) boost for the more serious work they’re doing… find out more at http://www.csiro.au/org/CMIS


State of the Climate 2012

Australia’s land and oceans continue to get hotter and our climate continues to change.

These are two of the findings in State of the Climate 2012, an updated summary of Australia’s long term climate trends released by the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO today.

CSIRO Chief Executive Dr Megan Clark said the latest analysis painted a clear decade-to-decade picture of Australia’s climate while at the same time noting its highly variable nature from one year to the next.

The report is available on our website.

Video interviews and images are here.


Spectacular wheat yield increase in salty soils

A salt-tolerant variety of durum wheat that outperforms other varieties by 25 per cent on salty soils has been developed by CSIRO scientists using traditional crop breeding techniques.
Researchers have introduced a salt-tolerant gene into a commercial durum wheat which has produced spectacular results in field trials.
“Salinity already affects more than 20 per cent of the world’s agricultural soils and is an increasing threat to food production due to climate change,” CSIRO’s Dr Rana Munns said, a lead author on a paper just published in the prestigious journal, Nature Biotechnology.
In close collaboration with researchers at the University of Adelaide, Dr Munns and the team now understand how the gene delivers salinity tolerance to the plants.

Former Australian Test cricketer and now Australia Farmer of the Year Ambassador Glenn McGrath gets a wheat breeding lesson from Dr Richard James.

The research is the first of its kind in the world to fully describe the development of a salt-tolerant agricultural crop – from understanding the function of the salt-tolerant gene in the lab to demonstrating increased grain yields in the field.
“Under salty conditions, the new salt tolerant breeding line has outperformed normal commercial durum wheat, with increased yields of up to 25 per cent,” CSIRO researcher Dr Richard James, who led the successful field trials in 2009, said.
“Farmers now have additional options for maximising profits by growing a premium wheat in those more saline paddocks which they may typically avoid or reserve for less valuable crops.”
The results are now published in the journal Nature Biotechnology. The lead authors are CSIRO Plant Industry scientists Dr Rana Munns and Dr Richard James and University of Adelaide student Bo Xu; the study’s senior author is Dr Matthew Gilliham from the University’s Waite Research Institute.
“The salt-tolerance comes from a gene that stops sodium getting to the leaves. This gene was introduced into modern wheat from an ancestral cousin, Triticum monococcum,” Dr Gilliham said.
This research is a collaborative project between CSIRO, NSW Department of Primary Industries, University of Adelaide, the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology. It is supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC).

MEDIA: Kylie Williams. Ph: +61 2 6246 5426. Mb: 0477316795. E: kylie.williams@csiro.au


Friday Fish Time

Common name: Bigscale Duckbill. Scientific name: Bembrops curvatura. Family: Percophidae

Bigscale Duckbill: I chose this one because it was an interesting looking fish. Unfortunately I haven’t been able to find out much about it.

It does live in northern Australian waters around Qld, NT, WA, Japan and Indonesia. It is found  along the Continental Shelf and rocky bottoms.

It grows to about 16cm in length and lives at between 100m to 280m deep.


CSIR♀: Why we love what we do…

Happy International Women’s Day! To celebrate, here’s our visual contribution to your day- an album showcasing just a small fraction of all the lovely ladies in our organisation. We asked them why they love what they do…


Friday Fish Time

Common name: Bigspine Boarfish. Scientific name: Pentaceros decacanthus. Family: Pentacerotidae.

Bigspine Boarfish: Grows to a maximum length of about 24cm. A deep water fish ranging from 37m to about 600m!

Found around southern Australia and New Zealand.

It is an important section of the Western Australian trawl fishery and is caught at depths of between 300m and 600 m.

It is also taken as by-catch in the southeast Australian trawl fishery, where it has been assessed as a medium risk species.



Mixed fish platter best for all concerned

Fishing for a ‘balanced harvest’ can achieve productive fisheries as well as environmental conservation, an international scientific team reports today in the journal Science.

In contrast, increasing fishing selectivity to catch a small group of species and sizes neither maximises production nor minimises the ecological effects of fishing, according to the paper Reconsidering the Consequences of Selective Fisheries.

Abstract HERE.

The collaboration that led to the paper was fostered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Commission on Ecosystem Management and involved both conservation and fisheries scientists.

It supports earlier research by co-authors Shijie Zhou, Beth Fulton and Tony Smith of the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship that found a moderate level of fishing – spread across a wide range of species, stocks and sizes – can achieve high catch levels while conserving biodiversity.

The new evidence, including results from Dr Fulton’s modelling of 30 ecosystems worldwide, confirms that with fishing spread over more groups and sizes, yields are higher and the adverse impacts of fishing on biodiversity are lower.

“Traditionally, fisheries have used species and size limits, gear technology and spatial and temporal fishing restrictions to increase selectivity: capturing species, sexes, and sizes in proportions that differ from their occurrence in the ecosystem,” Dr Smith says.

“This has been intended to help sustain target populations, protect rare and charismatic species, and minimise the capture of unwanted species and sizes (bycatch).

“But selective removals, except at economically unacceptably low levels of harvest, inevitably alter the composition of a population or community and, consequently, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.”

The authors show that heavy selective fishing has caused structural changes to fish communities in the North Sea and elsewhere.

By contrast, in several African small-scale inland fisheries, the fish size spectrum – a measure of community structure – has been maintained under intensive and diverse fishing activities that cause high mortality with low selectivity.

Implementing balanced harvesting requires coordinated management at an ecosystem level across all fisheries in a region. Ecosystem modelling could help in determining appropriate patterns of fishing.

Markets and the processing sector in some regions would need encouragement to accommodate sizes and species not traditionally utilised.

The authors say that while issues regarding the potential benefits and implementation of balanced harvesting remain, consideration of food security and ecosystem impacts suggests the time has come to take action.

The paper’s lead authors are Serge Garcia of the IUCN-CEM Fisheries Expert Group; Jeppe Kolding of the University of Bergen, Norway; Jake Rice of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Ontario; Marie-Joëlle of L’Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Shijie Zhou of CSIRO.

MEDIA: Bryony Bennett. M: 0438 175 268. E: bryony.bennett@csiro.au


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